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• Electric energy and heat still predominantly produced from coal
• Small number of citizens producing energy from RES and in distributed co-generation
• Growing number of private cars (~600 per 1000 inhabitants) increases emissions from transport
• Polish legal provisions and assistance schemes on energy efficiency and RES were amended, but still need work to be more effective
• Despite thermal retrofits conducted since the 90s, still large potential of reducing heat consumption in Warsaw by thermal retrofits: housing sector - 2.09 TWh, service sector - 1.5 TWh, industry sector - 0.18 TWh, Warsaw overall - 3.77 TWh
• High energy consumption in municipal buildings
• Not fast enough progress of smart grid and smart metering solutions